📖 Chapter Summary: The Living World (NCERT Biology - Class 11)

This chapter introduces the diversity of living organisms, the need for classification, and the principles of taxonomy. It explains how organisms are named (nomenclature) and categorized into a hierarchical structure using ranks such as species, genus, family, etc.

🌍 Key Concepts:

• Biodiversity: 1.7–1.8 million species identified
• Identification: Recognizing an organism
• Nomenclature: Scientific naming using binomial system
• Classification: Arranging organisms into taxa
• Taxonomy: The science of classification
• Systematics: Study of diversity and evolutionary relationships
• Taxonomic Hierarchy: Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom

❓ 50 Questions and Answers

🔹 Section A: One-Line Definitions (Q1–Q10)

Q: What is biodiversity?

A: The variety and variability of organisms on Earth.

Q: Define taxonomy.

A: The science of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

Q: What is binomial nomenclature?

A: Naming organisms using two terms: genus and species.

Q: Who gave the binomial nomenclature system?

A: Carolus Linnaeus.

Q: What is a taxon?

A: A group or category in the classification hierarchy.

Q: Define species.

A: Group of organisms with fundamental similarities capable of interbreeding.

Q: What is genus?

A: Group of related species.

Q: What is systematics?

A: Study of classification considering evolutionary relationships.

Q: What does ICBN stand for?

A: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.

Q: What does ICZN stand for?

A: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

🔹 Section B: Short Answer (Q11–Q30)

Q: Why is classification necessary?

A: It helps in easy identification and study of organisms.

Q: State the rules of binomial nomenclature.

A: Latin, italicized, genus capitalized, species lowercase, underlined when handwritten.

Q: What is the scientific name of mango?

A: Mangifera indica.

Q: Define taxonomic hierarchy.

A: The arrangement of taxonomic categories in descending or ascending order.

Q: Name the taxonomic ranks from lowest to highest.

A: Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom

Q: What is a family?

A: Group of related genera.

Q: Give an example of a genus with multiple species.

A: Panthera: P. leo, P. tigris.

Q: What is a kingdom?

A: The highest rank, grouping all forms of plants or animals.

Q: What is the role of identification in taxonomy?

A: It links a specimen with a known taxon.

Q: Which field includes the study of plants and animals for their use?

A: Systematics.

Q: What is the importance of Latin in naming?

A: Latin is a universal, unchanging language.

Q: What is Homo sapiens?

A: Scientific name of humans.

Q: Name two organisms from family Felidae.

A: Lion (Panthera leo), Cat (Felis catus).

Q: Which taxon includes brinjal and potato?

A: Genus: Solanum.

Q: What is common among Musca domestica and Homo sapiens?

A: Both are identified using binomial nomenclature.

Q: What are diagnostic features?

A: Unique traits used for classification.

Q: Define nomenclature.

A: The system of naming organisms scientifically.

Q: What is the importance of classification?

A: Helps understand evolutionary relationships.

Q: Which is a higher taxonomic category: genus or class?

A: Class.

Q: What does Panthera tigris represent?

A: Tiger; genus: Panthera, species: tigris.

🔹 Section C: MCQs (Q31–Q40)

ICBN deals with the naming of:

A) Animals

✅ B) Plants

C) Bacteria

D) Fungi

Father of Taxonomy is:

A) Darwin

✅ B) Linnaeus

C) Mayr

D) Aristotle

Correct sequence of hierarchy:

A) Kingdom → Phylum → Order → Genus

✅ B) Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order

Scientific name of humans is:

A) Homo neanderthalensis

✅ B) Homo sapiens

Which category has least common features?

✅ A) Kingdom

B) Genus

C) Species

D) Order

ICZN is used for naming:

A) Plants

✅ B) Animals

C) Fungi

D) Microbes

Genus of mango is:

✅ A) Mangifera

B) Mangiferae

C) Indica

D) Manifera

Felidae is a:

A) Genus

B) Species

✅ C) Family

D) Order

Example of order Carnivora includes:

✅ A) Cats, Dogs, Lions

B) Elephants

C) Rabbits

D) Bats

Which of these belongs to Angiospermae?

A) Dog

B) Cat

✅ C) Wheat

D) Fish

🔹 Section D: Long Answer (Q41–Q50)

1. Explain the concept of biodiversity with examples.
2. Describe binomial nomenclature and its rules.
3. Discuss the taxonomic hierarchy with a diagram.
4. Differentiate between genus and species.
5. Why are scientific names preferred over local names?
6. Write the taxonomic classification of Mango and Human.
7. Explain how taxonomy helps in understanding evolution.
8. Define the following: Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class.
9. What is the role of systematics in biology?
10. How are animals and plants categorized differently?



✅ Conclusion

Chapter 1 of Class 11 Biology gives a strong foundation in understanding the diversity of life and the system of naming and classifying organisms. These 50 questions help solidify the important concepts for school exams and NEET preparation alike.